The main purpose of this Manual is to provide useful guidelines for the selection of pathology tests and to facilitate interpretation of results.
Contains a comprehensive listing of all genes from the Human Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database alongside laboratories and tests available in the country.
A manual for the process of macroscopic dissection in Anatomical Pathology laboratories.
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Keywords: Cadmium urine, Cadmium, Thallium
Random or 24 h urine collected into a trace element free container.
If the exposure to a heavy metal is not recent, testing should be done following intravenous calcium EDTA infusion.
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Lead, Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium are measured routinely; others eg, Thallium and Uranium are usually assayed only on specific request.
Arsenic: < 2.0 μmol/L (< 40 nmol/mmol Creat)
Cadmium: < 40 nmol/L (< 3 nmol/mmol Creat)
Copper: < 1 μmol/L (< 0.5 μmol/day)
Lead: < 0.4 μmol/L (24 h < 0.3 μmol/day; spot < 21 nmol/mmol Creat)
Manganese: < 3 μmol/L (24 h 3-40 nmol/day; spot < 3.4 nmol/mmol Creat)
Mercury: < 0.1 μmol/L (spot < 10 nmol/mmol Creat)
Thallium: < 50 nmol/L (24 h < 20 nmol/day; spot < 1 nmol/mmol Creat)
Monitoring of patients at risk from occupational or environmental exposure.
Suspected poisoning. Investigation of patients with suspicious clinical features eg, neuropathy, encephalopathy, renal failure, Fanconi syndrome.
Elevated results indicate exposure.
Normal results exclude recent, clinically significant exposure to those metals analysed. Higher cut-offs may apply for industrial exposure.
See also Arsenic urine, Lead urine, Copper urine and Mercury urine.
Baselt RC and Cravey RH. Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man. 3rd ed. 1989. Year Book Medical Publishers.
Hu H. Prim Care 2000; 27(4): 983-996.
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The RCPA is the leading organisation representing Pathologists and Senior Scientists in Australasia.
Its mission is to train and support pathologists and senior scientists and to improve the use of pathology testing to achieve better healthcare.
The annual scientific meeting for the RCPA which covers the scientific disciplines of Anatomical, Chemical, Forensic, Genetic, General, Haematology, Immunopathology and Microbiology.
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